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Anthu padziko lonse lapansi amagwiritsa ntchito zakumwa zopatsa mphamvu kuti aziganizira komanso kuchita bwino.Imodzi mwa njira zothandiza kwambiri zowunikira zakumwa izi ndi capillary electrophoresis.Nkhaniyi ikuyang'ana zomwe zingatheke komanso kufunikira kwake poyerekeza ndi njira zina monga liquid chromatography.
Zakumwa zambiri zopatsa mphamvu zimapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi caffeine, kuphatikiza caffeine ndi glutamate.Caffeine ndi alkaloid yolimbikitsa yomwe imapezeka mumitundu yopitilira 63 padziko lonse lapansi.Kafeini yoyera ndi yowawa, yopanda kukoma, yolimba yoyera.Kulemera kwa molekyulu ya caffeine 194.19 g, malo osungunuka 2360 ° C.Kafeini ndi hydrophilic kutentha kwa firiji ndi kuchuluka kwa 21.7 g/l chifukwa cha reactivity yake yapakatikati.
Zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi ndi machitidwe ovuta omwe ali ndi zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana, zonse za inorganic ndi organic.Macheke opatukana ndi ofunikira kuti azindikire molondola ndikuwunika mitundu ina ya caffeine ndi benzoates.Njira yodziwika kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kupatukana kophatikizana ndi liquid chromatography (LC).
Liquid chromatography akuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusiyanitsa mitundu yambiri ya mamolekyu achilengedwe, kuchokera ku tinthu tating'onoting'ono tolemera timaselo toyambitsa matenda.Kulumikizana kosiyana pakati pa magawo osuntha ndi osasunthika a mamolekyu mu zitsanzo kumapangitsa kulekanitsidwa kwa chromatography yamadzi.Chomangira cholimba, ndipamenenso molekyuluyo imasunga malo ake.
Njira ina yosiyana ndi njira za HPLC ndikulekanitsa ndi yopapatiza silika capillary electrophoresis, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito gawo lamagetsi kuti ilekanitse mankhwala kuchokera kumagulu osiyanasiyana a mankhwala mu chitsanzo chimodzi.CE ikhoza kugawidwa m'njira zingapo zolekanitsa kutengera ma capillaries ndi ayoni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Njira ya capillary electrophoresis ndiyothandiza kwambiri pakuwunika kwachakudya ndi chakumwa chifukwa cha zabwino zake zochepetsera zitsanzo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito reagent, nthawi yochepa yowunikira, mtengo wotsika mtengo, kusamvana kwakukulu, kuchotsera kwakukulu, kumasuka kwa kuyesa komanso kukonza njira mwachangu.
Njira yolekanitsa ya electrophoresis imachokera kumayendedwe osiyanasiyana a ma ion a mankhwala mu selo la electrolytic pansi pa ntchito yamagetsi ogwiritsidwa ntchito.Poyerekeza ndi zida zovuta zamadzimadzi chromatography, zida za capillary electrophoresis ndizosavuta.Chitoliro cholumikizira chokhala ndi mainchesi 25-100 m'mimba mwake ndi kutalika kwa 20-100 cm chimalumikiza ma cell awiri, momwe mphamvu yamagetsi (0-30 kV) imaperekedwa kudzera mwa ma conductor ndipo dera logwira ntchito la electrolysis limayikidwa ngati chonyamulira cholipiridwa.
Nthawi zambiri, anode imatengedwa ngati cholowera cha capillary ndipo cathode imatengedwa ngati capillary outlet.Zitsanzo zazing'ono zimabayidwa ndi hydraulically kapena magetsi kumbali ya anode ya capillary.Kulowetsedwa kwamoto kumachitidwa posintha malo osungiramo nkhokwe ndi vial yachitsanzo ndikugwiritsa ntchito magetsi kwa kanthawi kuti tinthu tating'ono tilowe mu capillary.
Kulowetsedwa kwa Hydrostatic kumapereka zitsanzo kutengera kutsika kwamphamvu pakati pa cholowera ndi chotuluka cha capillary, ndipo kuchuluka kwa jekeseni kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kutsika kwamphamvu komanso makulidwe a matrix a polima.Pambuyo ponyamula, gawo lina lachitsanzolo limadziunjikira pa capillary kutsegula.
Makhalidwe olekanitsa a njira za capillary electrophoresis angayesedwe m'njira ziwiri: kuthetsa kupatukana, ma Rs, ndi kulekanitsa bwino.Kusamvana kwa owunika awiri kukuwonetsa momwe angasiyanitsire bwino wina ndi mnzake.Kukula kwa mtengo wa Rs, m'pamenenso nsonga yake imawonekera.Kulekanitsa kumapangitsa kuti kulekanitsa bwino ndikuwunika ngati kusintha kwa malo oyesera kungapangitse kusiyana kwa zosakaniza.
Kulekanitsa bwino N ndi malo ongoganizira momwe magawo awiri ali ofanana, omwe amaimiridwa ndi mapanelo angapo osiyanasiyana, malingana ndi mtundu wa mzere ndi madzi.
Kafukufuku watsopano wofalitsidwa ku International Conference on Agriculture and Sustainability cholinga chake ndi kufufuza luso la capillary electrophoresis kuti azindikire mankhwala a nitrogenous ndi ascorbic acid mu zakumwa, komanso zotsatira za electrophoresis zosinthika pa kuchuluka kwa njira.
Ubwino wa capillary electrophoresis pakuchita bwino kwambiri kwamadzimadzi chromatography kumaphatikizapo kutsika mtengo kwa kafukufuku ndi kuyanjana kwa chilengedwe, komanso kuwunika kwa asymmetric organic acid kapena nsonga zoyambira.Capillary electrophoresis imapereka kulondola kokwanira pakuzindikiritsa mankhwala a labile mu matrices ovuta okhala ndi magawo ena oyambira (kubalalitsidwa kwa mtanda mu buffer yosuntha, kuwonetsetsa kuti mawonekedwe a bafa amafanana, kusasinthika kwa kutentha kwa zigawo zolekanitsa).
Mwachidule, ngakhale capillary electrophoresis ili ndi zabwino zambiri kuposa kuchuluka kwamadzimadzi chromatography, ilinso ndi zoyipa monga nthawi yayitali yowunika.Kafukufuku wowonjezereka akuyenera kuchitidwa kuti apeze njira zowongolera njirayi.
Rashid, SA, Abdulla, SM, Najeeb, BH, Hamarashid, SH, & Abdulla, OA (2021). Rashid, SA, Abdulla, SM, Najeeb, BH, Hamarashid, SH, & Abdulla, OA (2021).Rashid, SA, Abdullah, SM, Najib, BH, Hamarasheed, SH, and Abdullah, OA (2021).Rashid SA, Abdullah SM, Najib BH, Hamarasheed SH ndi Abdulla OA (2021).Kutsimikiza kwa caffeine ndi sodium benzoate mu zakumwa zamphamvu zomwe zimachokera kunja ndi kwanuko pogwiritsa ntchito HPLC ndi spectrophotometer.IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science.Ipezeka pa: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/910/1/012129/meta.
ALVES, AC, MEINHART, AD, & FILHO, JT (2019). ALVES, AC, MEINHART, AD, & FILHO, JT (2019).ALVES, AS, MEINHART, AD, ndi FILHO, JT (2019).ALVES, AS, MEINHART, AD ndi FILHO, JT (2019).Kupanga njira yowunikira munthawi yomweyo caffeine ndi taurine mu mphamvu.Sayansi Yazakudya ndi Zamakono.Kuchokera ku: https://www.scielo.br/j/cta/a/7n534rVddj3rXJ89gzJLXvh/?lang=en
Tuma, Piotr, Frantisek Opekar, and Pavel Dlouhy.(2021).Capillary ndi microarray electrophoresis yokhala ndi kutsimikiza kosagwirizana kwa chakudya ndi zakumwa.chemistry ya chakudya.131858. Ipezeka pa: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0308814621028648.
Khasanov, VV, Slizhov, YG, & Khasanov, VV (2013). Khasanov, VV, Slizhov, YG, & Khasanov, VV (2013).Khasanov VV, Slizhov Yu.G., Khasanov VV (2013).Khasanov VV, Slizhov Yu.G., Khasanov VV (2013).Kusanthula kwa zakumwa zamphamvu ndi capillary electrophoresis.Journal of Analytical Chemistry.Ipezeka pa: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S1061934813040047.
Fani, KK (207).Kusanthula kwa capillary kwa zoteteza mu zakumwa zamphamvu.California Polytechnic State University, Pomona.Ipezeka pa: https://scholarworks.calstate.edu/concern/theses/mc87ps371.
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Ibtisam adamaliza maphunziro awo ku Islamabad Institute of Space Technology ndi digiri ya bachelor mu engineering yamlengalenga.Pa nthawi ya maphunziro ake, wakhala akugwira nawo ntchito zingapo zofufuza ndipo wakonza bwino ntchito zingapo zowonjezera maphunziro monga International World Space Week ndi International Conference on Aerospace Engineering.Ibtisam adapambana mpikisano wa nkhani zachingerezi m'masiku ake ophunzira ndipo nthawi zonse amakhala ndi chidwi chofufuza, kulemba ndi kusintha.Atangomaliza maphunziro ake, adalowa nawo AzoNetwork ngati freelancer kuti apititse patsogolo luso lake.Ibtisam amakonda kuyenda, makamaka kumidzi.Nthawi zonse amakhala wokonda masewera ndipo amakonda kuwonera tennis, mpira ndi cricket.Wobadwira ku Pakistan, Ibtisam akuyembekeza kuti tsiku lina adzayenda padziko lonse lapansi.
Abbasi, Ibtisam.(Epulo 4, 2022).Kusanthula kwa zakumwa zamphamvu ndi capillary electrophoresis.AZOM.Inapezedwanso pa Okutobala 13, 2022 kuchokera ku https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=21527.
Abbasi, Ibtisam."Analysis of Energy Drinks by Capillary Electrophoresis".AZOM.October 13, 2022.October 13, 2022.
Abbasi, Ibtisam."Analysis of Energy Drinks by Capillary Electrophoresis".AZOM.https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=21527.(Kuyambira pa Okutobala 13, 2022).
Abbasi, Ibtisam.2022. Kusanthula kwa zakumwa zamphamvu ndi capillary electrophoresis.AZoM, idapezeka pa 13 Okutobala 2022, https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=21527.
AZoM ikukambirana ndi Dr. Chenge Jiao, Applications Research Fellow ku Thermo Fisher Scientific, ponena za kugwiritsa ntchito mtengo wa ion wopanda gallium kukonzekera zitsanzo za TEM zopanda zowonongeka.
M'mafunsowa, AZoM ikukambirana ndi Dr. Barakat kuchokera ku Egypt Reference Laboratory luso lawo losanthula madzi, ndondomeko yawo ndi momwe zida za Metrohm zimagwirira ntchito kwambiri pakuchita bwino ndi khalidwe lawo.
M'mafunsowa, AZoM imalankhula ndi a GSSI a Dave Sist, Roger Roberts ndi Rob Sommerfeldt za Pavescan RDM, MDM ndi GPR kuthekera.Adakambirananso momwe zingathandizire kupanga phula ndi kukonza.
ROHAFORM® ndi thovu lopepuka lamoto loletsa kubalalitsidwa kwa mafakitale okhala ndi zofunikira zamoto, utsi ndi kawopsedwe (FST).
Intelligent Passive Road Sensors (IRS) imatha kuzindikira molondola kutentha kwa msewu, kutalika kwa kanema wamadzi, kuchuluka kwa icing ndi zina zambiri.
Nkhaniyi ikupereka kuwunika kwa moyo wa mabatire a lithiamu-ion, ndikuyang'ana pa kuwonjezereka kobwezeretsanso kwa mabatire a lithiamu-ion omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azikhala ndi njira yokhazikika komanso yozungulira yogwiritsira ntchito batri ndikugwiritsanso ntchito.
Corrosion ndi kuwonongeka kwa aloyi chifukwa cha chilengedwe.Njira zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa kuwonongeka kwazitsulo zazitsulo zomwe zimawonekera mumlengalenga kapena zovuta zina.
Chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwamagetsi, kufunikira kwamafuta a nyukiliya kukuchulukiranso, zomwe zikupangitsa kuti kufunikira kwaukadaulo wa post-reactor inspection (PVI).