Ma capillary dispensers amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazogulitsa zapakhomo ndi zazing'ono pomwe kutentha kwa evaporator kumakhala kosasintha.Makinawa alinso ndi mafiriji otsika otsika ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito ma compressor a hermetic.Opanga amagwiritsa ntchito ma capillaries chifukwa cha kuphweka kwawo komanso kutsika mtengo.Kuonjezera apo, machitidwe ambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma capillaries monga chipangizo choyezera sichifuna cholandira chapamwamba, kuchepetsanso ndalama.
Machubu a capillary sali kanthu kuposa machubu aatali ang'onoang'ono m'mimba mwake ndi kutalika kokhazikika pakati pa condenser ndi evaporator.Capillary imayesa refrigerant kuchokera ku condenser kupita ku evaporator.Chifukwa cha kutalika kwake ndi mainchesi ang'onoang'ono, pamene firiji imayenda modutsamo, kukangana kwamadzimadzi ndi kutsika kwapakati kumachitika.M'malo mwake, pamene madzi osungunuka amayenda kuchokera pansi pa condenser kupyolera mu capillaries, madzi ena amatha kuwira pamene akukumana ndi kutsika kwapansi.Izi kuthamanga madontho kumabweretsa madzi m'munsimu ake machulukitsidwe kuthamanga pa kutentha pa mfundo zingapo pamodzi capillary.Kuphethira kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madziwo pamene mphamvuyo itsika.
Kukula kwa kung'anima kwamadzimadzi (ngati kulipo) kudzadalira kuchuluka kwa kuzizira kwamadzimadzi kuchokera ku condenser ndi capillary palokha.Ngati kung'anima kwamadzi kumachitika, ndikofunikira kuti kung'anima kukhale pafupi ndi evaporator momwe kungathekere kuti zitsimikizire kuti makinawo akuyenda bwino.Kuzizira kwamadzimadzi kuchokera pansi pa condenser, madzi ochepa amalowa mu capillary.Capillary nthawi zambiri imakulungidwa, kudutsa kapena kuwotcherera ku mzere woyamwa kuti muwonjezere kuzizira kuti madzi omwe ali mu capillary asatenthe.Chifukwa capillary imalepheretsa ndikuyesa kuyenda kwamadzimadzi kupita ku evaporator, imathandizira kutsika kwamphamvu kofunikira kuti dongosolo lizigwira ntchito bwino.
The capillary chubu ndi compressor ndi zigawo ziwiri zomwe zimalekanitsa mbali yothamanga kwambiri kuchokera kumbali yotsika ya firiji.
Chubu cha capillary chimasiyana ndi chipangizo cha metering valve yowonjezera chifukwa alibe zigawo zosuntha ndipo sichimayendetsa kutentha kwa evaporator pansi pa kutentha kulikonse.Ngakhale palibe ziwalo zosuntha, machubu a capillary amasintha kuthamanga kwa mpweya pamene evaporator ndi / kapena condenser system pressure imasintha.Ndipotu, zimangokwaniritsa bwino kwambiri pamene zokakamiza pamtunda wapamwamba ndi wochepa zikuphatikizidwa.Izi zili choncho chifukwa capillary imagwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kwa kuthamanga pakati pa mbali zothamanga kwambiri ndi zochepa za firiji.Pamene kusiyana kwapakati pakati pa mbali zapamwamba ndi zochepa za dongosolo kumawonjezeka, kutuluka kwa refrigerant kudzawonjezeka.Machubu a capillary amagwira ntchito moyenera pamadontho osiyanasiyana amphamvu, koma nthawi zambiri sagwira ntchito bwino.
Popeza capillary, evaporator, kompresa ndi condenser zimalumikizidwa mu mndandanda, kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa capillary kuyenera kukhala kofanana ndi kuthamanga kwa mpope kutsika kwa kompresa.Ichi ndichifukwa chake kutalika kowerengedwa ndi m'mimba mwake kwa capillary pa kuwerengeka kwa evaporation ndi kupanikizika kwa condensation ndizofunikira ndipo ziyenera kukhala zofanana ndi mphamvu ya mpope pansi pa mapangidwe omwewo.Kutembenuka kochulukira mu capillary kumakhudza kukana kwake kumayenda kenako kumakhudza kukhazikika kwa dongosolo.
Ngati capillary ndi yayitali kwambiri ndipo imakana kwambiri, padzakhala zoletsa zapaderalo.Ngati m'mimba mwake ndi waung'ono kwambiri kapena pali matembenuzidwe ochulukirapo pozungulira, mphamvu ya chubu imakhala yochepa kuposa ya compressor.Izi zidzapangitsa kusowa kwa mafuta mu evaporator, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kupanikizika kochepa komanso kutentha kwambiri.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, madzi amadzimadzi amatha kubwereranso ku condenser, kupanga mutu wapamwamba chifukwa palibe wolandira mu dongosolo kuti agwire firiji.Ndi mutu wapamwamba komanso kuthamanga kwapansi mu evaporator, kuthamanga kwa firiji kumawonjezeka chifukwa cha kutsika kwamphamvu kwambiri pa chubu cha capillary.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ntchito ya compressor idzachepa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwapamwamba komanso kuchepa kwa volumetric.Izi zidzakakamiza dongosolo kuti lifanane, koma pamutu wapamwamba komanso kutsika kwa evaporation kungayambitse kusagwira ntchito kosafunika.
Ngati kukana kwa capillary sikuli kofunikira chifukwa chafupikitsa kapena kukula kwakukulu, kuthamanga kwa refrigerant kudzakhala kwakukulu kuposa mphamvu ya pampu ya compressor.Izi zipangitsa kuti pakhale kuthamanga kwambiri kwa evaporator, kutentha pang'ono komanso kusefukira kwa kompresa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa evaporator.Kuzizira kocheperako kumatha kutsika mu condenser kumayambitsa kutsika kwamutu komanso kutayika kwa chisindikizo chamadzi pansi pa condenser.Mutu wotsikirawu komanso wokwera kuposa kuthamanga kwa evaporator kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa compressor zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu zambiri.Izi zidzakulitsa mphamvu ya kompresa, yomwe imatha kukhazikika ngati kompresa imatha kuthana ndi mafiriji apamwamba mu evaporator.Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti firiji imadzaza ndi kompresa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kompresa kulephera.
Pazifukwa zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, ndikofunikira kuti ma capillary system akhale ndi zolondola (zovuta) za refrigerant mu dongosolo lawo.Firiji yochuluka kapena yochepa kwambiri imatha kubweretsa kusalinganika kwakukulu komanso kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa kompresa chifukwa chakuyenda kwamadzimadzi kapena kusefukira.Kuti mudziwe kukula kwa kapilari, funsani wopanga kapena tchulani tchati cha kukula kwa wopanga.Dongosolo la nameplate kapena nameplate limawonetsa ndendende kuchuluka kwa firiji komwe dongosololi limafunikira, nthawi zambiri pakhumi kapena zana limodzi la aunsi.
Pa kutentha kwakukulu kwa evaporator, machitidwe a capillary amagwira ntchito ndi kutentha kwakukulu;M'malo mwake, kutentha kwakukulu kwa evaporator kwa 40 ° kapena 50 ° F sikwachilendo pa kutentha kwakukulu kwa evaporator.Izi zili choncho chifukwa firiji mu evaporator imasanduka nthunzi mofulumira ndikukweza 100% malo odzaza nthunzi mu evaporator, kupatsa dongosolo kuwerenga kwa kutentha kwambiri.Machubu a capillary alibe njira yosinthira mayankho, monga chowunikira chakutali cha thermostatic expansion valve (TRV), kuti auze chipangizo choyezera kuti chikugwira ntchito motentha kwambiri ndikuchikonza chokha.Choncho, pamene evaporator katundu ndi mkulu ndi evaporator superheat ndi mkulu, dongosolo ntchito inefficiently kwambiri.
Ichi chikhoza kukhala chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu za dongosolo la capillary.Akatswiri ambiri amafuna kuwonjezera firiji ku dongosolo chifukwa cha kuwerenga kwapamwamba kwambiri, koma izi zidzangowonjezera dongosolo.Musanawonjezere refrigerant, yang'anani kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwabwinobwino pamatenthedwe otsika a evaporator.Kutentha kwa mufiriji kukakhala komwe kumafunidwa ndipo chotenthetserako chimakhala ndi kutentha pang'ono, kutentha kwambiri kwa evaporator kumakhala 5 ° mpaka 10 ° F.Mukakayikira, sonkhanitsani firiji, tsitsani dongosolo ndikuwonjezera mtengo wofunikira wa refrigerant womwe wawonetsedwa pa dzina la dzina.
Kutentha kwapamwamba kwa evaporator kukachepetsedwa ndipo makinawo asinthira kutentha kwa evaporator pang'ono, mpweya wa evaporator 100% umatsika pakadutsa zingapo zomaliza za evaporator.Izi ndi chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa evaporation mlingo wa refrigerant mu evaporator chifukwa chochepa kutentha katundu.Dongosololi tsopano likhala ndi kutentha kwabwino kwa evaporator pafupifupi 5° mpaka 10°F.Kuwerengera kwabwino kwa kutentha kwa evaporator kudzachitika kokha pamene kutentha kwa evaporator kuli kochepa.
Ngati dongosolo la capillary litadzaza, limadziunjikira madzi ochulukirapo mu condenser, zomwe zimapangitsa mutu wapamwamba chifukwa chosowa wolandila mu dongosolo.Kutsika kwapakati pakati pa mbali zotsika ndi zothamanga kwambiri za dongosololi zidzawonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuthamanga kwa evaporator kuchuluke ndipo evaporator idzadzaza kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kutentha kwakukulu.Itha kusefukira kapena kutseka kompresa, chomwe ndi chifukwa china chomwe makina a capillary ayenera kuyimbidwa mosamalitsa kapena ndendende ndi kuchuluka kwa firiji.
John Tomczyk is Professor Emeritus of HVACR at Ferris State University in Grand Rapids, Michigan and co-author of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies published by Cengage Learning. Contact him at tomczykjohn@gmail.com.
Zoperekedwa Zoperekedwa ndi gawo lapadera lolipidwa pomwe makampani opanga makampani amapereka zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri, zopanda tsankho, zosachita malonda pamitu yomwe imakonda kumvetsera nkhani za ACHR.Zonse zomwe zimathandizidwa zimaperekedwa ndi makampani otsatsa.Kodi mukufuna kutenga nawo mbali pagawo lathu lothandizira?Lumikizanani ndi woyimira kwanuko.
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