Wosindikiza - Nkhani Zaku India, Maphunziro aku India, Maphunziro a Padziko Lonse, Nkhani Zaku College, Maunivesite, Zosankha Zantchito, Kulandila, Ntchito, Mayeso, Mayeso, Nkhani zaku College, Nkhani Zamaphunziro
Kupanga kunali m'chilimwe kwambiri.Lamulo la Chips and Science Act, lomwe lidayamba kugwira ntchito mu Ogasiti, likuyimira ndalama zambiri zopanga zinthu zapakhomo ku United States.Biliyo ikufuna kukulitsa msika waku US semiconductor, kulimbikitsa maunyolo ogulitsa, ndikuyika ndalama mu kafukufuku ndi chitukuko kuti akwaniritse zopambana zaukadaulo.Malinga ndi a John Hart, pulofesa wa uinjiniya wamakina komanso director of the Manufacturing and Productivity Laboratory ku Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Chip Act ndi chitsanzo chaposachedwa cha kuchuluka kwa chidwi kwa opanga zaka zaposachedwa.Kukhudzika kwa mliriwu pamayendedwe othandizira, geopolitics padziko lonse lapansi, kufunikira ndi kufunikira kwa chitukuko chokhazikika, "adatero Hart.Zatsopano muukadaulo wamafakitale."Ndikukula kwakukula pakupanga, kukhazikika kuyenera kukhala patsogolo.Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu aliwonse a mpweya wowonjezera kutentha mu 2020 amachokera ku mafakitale ndi kupanga.Mafakitale ndi mafakitale amathanso kutha madzi a m’deralo ndi kupanga zinyalala zambirimbiri, zina zomwe zingakhale zapoizoni.Kuti athetse mavutowa ndikuwonetsetsa kusintha kwa chuma chochepa cha carbon, m'pofunika kupanga zinthu zatsopano ndi njira zamafakitale pamodzi ndi teknoloji yokhazikika yopangira.Hart akukhulupirira kuti mainjiniya amakina ali ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakusintha kumeneku."Akatswiri amakina ali ndi luso lapadera lothana ndi mavuto ovuta omwe amafunikira matekinoloje aukadaulo am'badwo wotsatira ndikudziwa momwe angayankhire mayankho awo," adatero Hart, pulofesa komanso womaliza maphunziro a MIT Department of Mechanical Engineering.Amapereka njira zothetsera mavuto a chilengedwe, ndikutsegulira njira ya tsogolo lokhazikika.Gradun: Cleantech Water Solutions Kupanga kumafunikira madzi, ndi ambiri.Malo opangira ma semiconductor apakati amagwiritsa ntchito madzi opitilira malita 10 miliyoni patsiku.dziko likuvutika kwambiri ndi chilala.Gradiant amapereka njira zothetsera vutoli la madzi.Kampaniyi ikutsogoleredwa ndi Anurag Bajpayee SM '08 PhD '12 ndi Prakash Govindan PhD '12 oyambitsa nawo ndi apainiya mumadzi okhazikika kapena ntchito za "teknoloji yoyera".Bajpayee ndi Govindan, monga ophunzira omaliza maphunziro awo ku Heat Transfer Laboratory yotchedwa Rosenova Kendall, amagawana pragmatism komanso chidwi chochitapo kanthu.Panthawi ya chilala choopsa ku Chennai, India, Govindan adapanga PhD yake ukadaulo wochotsa chinyezi womwe umatengera momwe mvula imagwa.Tekinoloje yomwe adayitcha Carrier Gas Extraction (CGE), ndipo mu 2013 awiriwa adayambitsa Gradient.CGE ndi algorithm yaumwini yomwe imaganizira za kusinthika kwamtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi onyansa omwe akubwera.Algorithm idakhazikitsidwa pa nambala yopanda mawonekedwe, yomwe Govindan adaganizapo kuti atchule nambala ya Linhard polemekeza woyang'anira wake.khalidwe la madzi m'dongosolo limasintha, teknoloji yathu imatumiza chizindikiro kuti isinthe kayendedwe kake kuti ibwererenso nambala yopanda malire ku 1. Ikabwereranso ku mtengo wa 1, mudzakhala bwino, "analongosola Govindan, COO wa Gradiant. .Dongosololi limakonza ndikuthira madzi otayira kuchokera kumalo opangira zinthu kuti agwiritsidwenso ntchito, ndipo pamapeto pake amapulumutsa mamiliyoni a madola pachaka m'magaloni amadzi.Pamene kampaniyo inkakula, gulu la Gradiant linawonjezera matekinoloje atsopano ku zida zawo, kuphatikizapo kuchotsa zowononga zowonongeka, njira yachuma yochotsera zowononga zina zokha, ndi njira yotchedwa countercurrent reverse osmosis, njira yawo yosungiramo madzi.Tsopano akupereka njira zonse zamakono zothetsera madzi ndi madzi onyansa kwa makasitomala m'mafakitale monga mankhwala, mphamvu, migodi, chakudya ndi chakumwa, ndi makampani omwe akukula a semiconductor.“Ndife opereka mayankho athunthu a madzi.Tili ndi matekinoloje angapo okhudzana ndi eni ake ndipo tidzasankha paphodo lathu kutengera zosowa za makasitomala athu, "atero a Bajpayee, CEO wa Gradiant.“Makasitomala amationa ngati bwenzi lawo lamadzi.Titha kuthetsa mavuto awo amadzi kuyambira koyambira mpaka kumapeto kuti athe kuyang'ana kwambiri bizinesi yawo yayikulu."Gradun yakula kwambiri m'zaka khumi zapitazi.Mpaka pano, amanga malo opangira madzi okwana 450 omwe amayeretsa nyumba zokwana 5 miliyoni patsiku.Chifukwa cha kugulidwa kwaposachedwa, chiwerengero chonse cha anthu chakwera kufika pa anthu 500.Mayankho akuwonekera mwa makasitomala awo, omwe akuphatikizapo Pfizer, Anheuser-Busch InBev ndi Coca-Cola.Makasitomala awo amaphatikizanso zimphona za semiconductor monga Micron Technology, GlobalFoundries, Intel ndi TSMC.madzi otayira ndi madzi owonjezera a semiconductors akweradi, "adatero Bajpayee.Opanga semiconductor amafuna madzi a ultrapure kuti apange madzi.Zolimba zonse zosungunuka poyerekeza ndi madzi akumwa ndi magawo ochepa pa miliyoni.Mosiyana ndi zakale, kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma microchip ndi pakati pa magawo mabiliyoni kapena magawo pa quadrillion.Pakali pano, kuchuluka kwa zobwezeretsanso mu fakitale yopanga semiconductor (kapena fakitale) ku Singapore ndi 43% yokha.Kugwiritsa ntchito Ge C luso lathu, mafakitalewa amatha kukonzanso 98-99% ya "Magaloni 10 miliyoni amadzi omwe amafunikira pagawo lililonse la kupanga.Madzi okonzedwanso amenewa ndi aukhondo moti n’kutheka kuti ayambiranso ntchito yopangira zinthu.”Tathetsa kukhetsa kwamadzi koipitsidwa kumeneku, kuchotseratu kudalira kwa makina a semiconductor pamadzi a anthu onse.”Bajpayee In, fabry ci akukakamizidwa kuti apititse patsogolo kugwiritsa ntchito madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi azikhala okhazikika.ku zomera zambiri zaku US kupyolera mu kupatukana: kusefa kwamankhwala moyenera monga Bajpayee ndi Govindan, Shreya Dave '09, SM '12, PhD '16 kumayang'ana kwambiri pakuchotsa mchere pa PhD yake.Motsogozedwa ndi mlangizi wake, Jeffrey Grossman, Pulofesa wa Materials Science ndi Engineering, Dave adapanga nembanemba yomwe ingapereke njira yabwino komanso yotsika mtengo yochotsera mchere.Atafufuza mosamala za mtengo ndi msika, Dave adawona kuti zotulutsa zake zotulutsa mchere sizingagulitsidwe."Matekinoloje amakono ndi abwino kwambiri pazomwe amachita.kuchita.Ndizotsika mtengo, zopangidwa mochuluka, ndipo zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri.Panalibe msika waukadaulo wathu, "adatero Dave.Atangoteteza zomwe adalemba, adawerenga nkhani yobwereza m'magazini ya Nature yomwe idasintha chilichonse.Nkhaniyo inatchula vuto.Kulekanitsa kwa mankhwala, komwe kuli pamtima pa njira zambiri zamakampani, kumafuna mphamvu zambiri.Makampaniwa amafunikira nembanemba zachangu komanso zotsika mtengo.Dave ankaganiza kuti atha kupeza yankho.Pambuyo pozindikira kuti pali mwayi wachuma, Dave, Grossman, ndi Brent Keller, PhD '16, adapanga Via Separations mu 2017. Posakhalitsa, adasankha Engine ngati imodzi mwa makampani oyambirira kulandira ndalama zothandizira ndalama kuchokera ku Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Pakalipano, kusefedwa kwa mafakitale kumachitika ndi kutentha kwa mankhwala pa kutentha kwambiri kuti alekanitse mankhwala.Dave akufananiza ndi kuwiritsa madzi onse mpaka atasanduka nthunzi kupanga pasitala ndipo chotsala ndi sipaghetti.Popanga, njira yolekanitsa yamankhwala iyi ndi yamphamvu komanso yosagwira ntchito.Via Separations wapanga mankhwala ofanana ndi "pasitala fyuluta".M'malo mogwiritsa ntchito kutentha polekanitsa, nembanemba zawo "zimasefa" zosakaniza.Njira yosefera mankhwala iyi imadya mphamvu zochepera 90% kuposa njira zokhazikika.Ngakhale ma nembanemba ambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku ma polima, Via Separations nembanemba amapangidwa kuchokera ku graphene oxidized, yomwe imatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri komanso malo ovuta.Nembanemba imayesedwa kuti igwirizane ndi zosowa za kasitomala posintha kukula kwa pore ndikusintha kwa chemistry.Pakadali pano, Dave ndi gulu lake akuyang'ana kwambiri zamakampani ndi mapepala monga gawo lawo.Iwo apanga dongosolo lomwe limabwezeretsanso zinthu zomwe zimatchedwa "zakumwa zakuda" mopanda mphamvu.pepala, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a biomass amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pepala.Pakalipano, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwamtengo wapatali kwa magawo awiri mwa atatu a mapepala otsalawo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito evaporator kuwira madzi, kutembenuza kuchokera kumtsinje wosungunuka kwambiri kupita kumtsinje wokhazikika kwambiri, "adatero Dave.mphamvu yopangidwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupatsa mphamvu kusefa."Dongosolo lotsekedwa ili limagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri ku United States.Titha kuchita izi poyika "ukonde wa spaghetti" mumphika, Dave akuwonjezera.VulcanForms: Industrial Scale Additive Manufacturing Amaphunzitsa maphunziro osindikizira a 3D, omwe amadziwika kuti Additive Manufacturing (AM).Ngakhale sichinali cholinga chake chachikulu panthawiyo, adangoyang'ana pa kafukufuku, koma adawona mutuwo kukhala wosangalatsa.Monga anachitira ophunzira ambiri m'kalasi, kuphatikizapo Martin Feldmann MEng '14.Feldmann adalowa nawo gulu lofufuza la Hart nthawi zonse atalandira digiri ya masters pakupanga zapamwamba.Kumeneko adalumikizana chifukwa cha chidwi cha AM.Iwo adawona mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito luso laukadaulo lopanga zitsulo lotsimikiziridwa lotchedwa ufa bedi laser kuwotcherera ndipo akufuna kubweretsa lingaliro lakupanga zitsulo zowonjezera pamlingo wamakampani.Mu 2015 adayambitsa VulcanForms."Tapanga AM Machine Architecture kuti tipange magawo apamwamba komanso opindulitsa," adatero Hart.“Ndipo ife.Makina athu aphatikizidwa m'dongosolo lopanga digito lomwe limaphatikizira kupanga zowonjezera, kukonzanso pambuyo pake komanso kukonza bwino."Mosiyana ndi makampani ena omwe amagulitsa makina osindikizira a 3D kwa ena kuti apange zigawo, VulcanForms imagwiritsa ntchito magalimoto ake ambiri kupanga ndi kugulitsa makina a mafakitale kwa makasitomala.VulcanForms yakula mpaka antchito pafupifupi 400.Gululo linatsegula kupanga koyamba chaka chatha.ntchito yotchedwa "VulcanOne".Ubwino ndi kulondola kwa magawo opangidwa ndi VulcanForms ndizofunikira kwambiri pazinthu monga zoyikapo zachipatala, zosinthira kutentha ndi injini zandege.Makina awo amatha kusindikiza zitsulo zopyapyala.“Timapanga zinthu zovuta kupanga kapena, nthaŵi zina, zosatheka kupanga,” anawonjezera motero Hart, membala wa komiti ya oyang’anira kampaniyo.Ukadaulo wopangidwa ndi VulcanForms utha kuthandizira kupanga magawo ndi zinthu m'njira yokhazikika, mwina mwachindunji kudzera muzowonjezera, kapena mosalunjika kudzera munjira yabwino komanso yosinthika. chuma savings.Zinthu zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu VulcanForms, monga titaniyamu, zimafuna mphamvu zambiri.gawo la titaniyamu, mumagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochepa kwambiri kuposa momwe mumapangira makina azikhalidwe.Kuchita bwino kwazinthu ndipamene Hart amawona AM ikupanga kusiyana kwakukulu pakusunga mphamvu.Hart akuwonetsanso kuti AM ikhoza kufulumizitsa luso laukadaulo wamagetsi oyeretsa , kuchokera ku injini za jet kupita ku ma reactors amtsogolo. kusintha pankhaniyi, ”adawonjezera Hart.Mankhwala: Mkangano.Pulofesa wa zamakina Kripa Varanasi ndi gulu la LiquiGlide adzipereka kupanga tsogolo lopanda mikangano ndikuchepetsa kwambiri zinyalala pochita izi.Yakhazikitsidwa mu 2012 ndi Varanasi ndi alumnus David Smith SM '11, LiquiGlide yapanga zokutira zapadera zomwe zimalola zakumwa "kutsetsereka" pamwamba.Dontho lililonse la mankhwala limayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito, kaya litafinyidwa mu chubu la mankhwala otsukira mano kapena kutsanulidwa mumtsuko wa malita 500 kufakitale.Zotengera zopanda mkangano zimachepetsa kwambiri zinyalala, ndipo palibe chifukwa choyeretsa zotengera musanazigwiritsenso ntchito.kampaniyo yapita patsogolo kwambiri pagawo lazamalonda.Makasitomala a Colgate adagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa LiquiGlide popanga botolo la mankhwala otsukira mano a Colgate Elixir, omwe apambana mphoto zingapo zamafakitale.LiquiGlide adagwirizana ndi wopanga wotchuka padziko lonse Yves Behar kuti agwiritse ntchito ukadaulo wawo pakukongola komanso ukhondo wamapaketi azinthu.Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, bungwe la Food and Drug Administration la ku United States linawapatsa chipangizo china chapamwamba kwambiri.Ntchito za Biopharmaceutical zimapanga mwayi.Mu 2016, kampaniyo idapanga dongosolo lomwe limapanga zopangira zopanda mikangano.Kuchiza pamwamba pa akasinja osungira, ma funnels ndi hoppers, kuteteza zinthu kuti zisamamatire pamakoma.Dongosololi limatha kuchepetsa zinyalala zakuthupi mpaka 99%."Izi zitha kukhala zosintha kwambiri.Imateteza zinyalala zazinthu, imachepetsa madzi otayira kuchokera ku tanki, komanso imathandizira kupanga zinthu zopanda zinyalala, "atero a Varanasi, wapampando wa LiquiGlide.chidebe pamwamba.Mukayika pa chidebe, mafutawo amalowetsedwabe mumpangidwe.Mphamvu za capillary zimakhazikika ndikulola kuti madziwo afalikire pamwamba, ndikupanga malo okhala ndi mafuta osatha pomwe zinthu zilizonse zowoneka bwino zimatha kuyandama.Kampaniyo imagwiritsa ntchito ma aligorivimu a thermodynamic kudziwa kuphatikiza kotetezeka kwa zolimba ndi zakumwa kutengera zomwe zagulitsidwa, kaya ndi mankhwala otsukira mano kapena utoto.Kampaniyo yapanga makina opopera a robotic omwe amatha kugwira zotengera ndi akasinja mufakitale.Kuphatikiza pakupulumutsira kampaniyo madola mamiliyoni ambiri m'zinyalala zazinthu, LiquiGlide imachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa madzi ofunikira kuyeretsa zotengerazi zomwe nthawi zambiri zimamatira pamakoma.Pamafunika kuyeretsa ndi madzi ambiri.Mwachitsanzo, mu agrochemistry, pali malamulo okhwima otaya madzi oipa omwe amabwera.Zonsezi zitha kuthetsedwa ndi LiquiGlide, "adatero Varanasi.Pomwe zopanga zambiri zidatsekedwa kumayambiriro kwa mliri, ndikuchepetsa kutulutsidwa kwa ntchito zoyeserera za CleanTanX m'mafakitale, zinthu zasintha m'miyezi yaposachedwa.Varanasi akuwona kufunikira kwaukadaulo wa LiquiGlide, makamaka zamadzimadzi monga semiconductor pastes.Makampani monga Gradant, Via Separations, VulcanForms ndi LiquiGlide akutsimikizira kuti kukulitsa kupanga sikuyenera kubwera pamtengo wokwera kwambiri wa chilengedwe.Kupanga kuli ndi kuthekera kokulirapo mokhazikika. ”akatswiri opanga makina, kupanga nthawi zonse kwakhala maziko a ntchito yathu.Makamaka, ku MIT, pakhala pali kudzipereka kopanga kupanga kukhala kokhazikika, "atero Evelyn Wang, pulofesa wa uinjiniya wa Ford komanso wapampando wakale wa dipatimenti yaukadaulo wamakina.dziko lathu ndi lokongola."Ndi malamulo monga CHIPS ndi Science Act stimulating kupanga, padzakhala kufunikira kokulirapo kwa oyambitsa ndi makampani omwe amapanga mayankho omwe amachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, kutibweretsa kufupi ndi tsogolo lokhazikika.
MIT Alumni Pangani Pulatifomu Yothandizira Kufalitsa Zasayansi Padziko Lonse Lapansi
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