Zithunzi zomwe zilipo kuti mutsitse patsamba la MIT Press Office zimaperekedwa kwa mabungwe omwe siamalonda, atolankhani, ndi anthu onse pansi pa Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Non-Derivative License. kukula koyenera.Ngongole iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokopera zithunzi;ngati sichinaperekedwe pansipa, ngongole "MIT" pazithunzi.
Mainjiniya a MIT apanga loboti yowongoka ngati waya yomwe imatha kuyenda mwachangu kudutsa njira zopapatiza, zokhotakhota, monga minyewa yaubongo ya labyrinthine.
M'tsogolomu, ulusi wa robotic uwu ukhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi luso lamakono la endovascular, zomwe zimalola madokotala kuti atsogolere loboti patali kudzera mu mitsempha ya mitsempha ya ubongo ya wodwala kuti athetse msanga zotchinga ndi zotupa, monga zomwe zimachitika mu aneurysms ndi zikwapu.
“Stroke ndi chachisanu chomwe chimayambitsa imfa komanso zomwe zimayambitsa olumala ku United States.Ngati zikwapu zowopsa zitha kuchiritsidwa m'mphindi zoyamba za 90 kapena kupitilira apo, kupulumuka kwa odwala kumatha kukhala bwino kwambiri," akutero MIT Mechanical Engineering ndi Zhao Xuanhe, pulofesa wothandizana nawo wa zomangamanga ndi chilengedwe, adatero. Kutsekeka mu nthawi iyi ya 'prime time', titha kupewa kuwonongeka kwaubongo kosatha.Ndicho chiyembekezo chathu.”
Zhao ndi gulu lake, kuphatikizapo wolemba wamkulu Yoonho Kim, wophunzira maphunziro mu Dipatimenti ya Mechanical Engineering ya MIT, akufotokoza mapangidwe awo a robot yofewa lero mu magazini ya Science Robotics.Olemba nawo ena a pepalali ndi wophunzira wophunzira ku MIT German Alberto Parada ndi wophunzira woyendera. Shengduo Liu.
Kuti achotse magazi muubongo, madokotala nthawi zambiri amachita opaleshoni ya endovascular, njira yocheperako yomwe dokotalayo amaika ulusi wochepa thupi kudzera mumtsempha waukulu wa wodwala, womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala m'mwendo kapena m'mimba. jambulani mitsempha ya magazi, dokotalayo amatembenuza pamanja wayayo kupita ku mitsempha ya ubongo yomwe yawonongeka.Catheter imatha kudutsa pawaya kuti ipereke mankhwala kapena chipangizo chochotsa magazi kudera lomwe lakhudzidwa.
Njirayi imatha kukhala yovuta, adatero Kim, ndipo imafuna kuti maopaleshoni aziphunzitsidwa mwapadera kuti athe kupirira kuwonekera mobwerezabwereza kwa fluoroscopy.
"Ndi luso lovuta kwambiri, ndipo kulibe madokotala okwanira kuti athandize odwala, makamaka m'madera akumidzi kapena akumidzi," adatero Kim.
Mawaya azachipatala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zotere ndi osagwira ntchito, kutanthauza kuti amayenera kusinthidwa pamanja, ndipo nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chachitsulo ndipo amakutidwa ndi polima, zomwe Kim akuti zimatha kuyambitsa mikangano ndikuwononga mitsempha yamagazi. malo olimba.
Gululo lidazindikira kuti zomwe zikuchitika mu labotale yawo zitha kuthandiza kukonza njira zama endovascular, popanga zida zowongolera komanso kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa madokotala ndi ma radiation aliwonse omwe angagwirizane nawo.
Pazaka zingapo zapitazi, gulu lapanga ukatswiri wa hydrogel (zida biocompatible makamaka opangidwa ndi madzi) ndi 3D kusindikiza magneto-actuated zipangizo zimene zikhoza kupangidwa kukwawa, kudumpha ngakhale kugwira mpira , basi kutsatira malangizo a maginito.
Mu pepala latsopanolo, ofufuzawo adaphatikiza ntchito yawo pa ma hydrogel ndi maginito actuation kuti apange waya wowongoka, wopangidwa ndi hydrogel-wokutidwa ndi ma robotic, kapena waya wowongolera, womwe adatha Kupanga woonda wokwanira kuwongolera mitsempha yamagazi kudzera muubongo wofanana ndi wamoyo wa silikoni. .
Pakatikati pa waya wa robotic amapangidwa ndi nickel-titanium alloy, kapena "nitinol," zinthu zomwe zimakhala zopindika komanso zotanuka. Mosiyana ndi ma hangers, omwe amasunga mawonekedwe awo akapindika, waya wa nitinol amabwerera ku mawonekedwe ake oyambirira, ndikuupatsa zambiri. kusinthasintha pamene akukulunga zolimba, mitsempha yamagazi yowawa. Gululo linakuta pakati pa waya mu phala la raba, kapena inki, ndikuyikamo tinthu tating'ono ta maginito.
Pomaliza, adagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe adapanga kale kuti amange ndikumangirira pamwamba pa maginito ndi hydrogel - chinthu chomwe sichimakhudza kuyankha kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta maginito, pomwe timapereka malo osalala, opanda Friction, biocompatible.
Anasonyeza kulondola ndi kutsegulira kwa waya wa robotic pogwiritsa ntchito maginito aakulu (mofanana ndi chingwe cha chidole) kuti atsogolere wayayo kudutsa njira yopinga ya loop yaying'ono, yofanana ndi waya wodutsa padiso la singano.
Ofufuzawo adayesanso waya mumtundu wa silicone wokhala ndi moyo wa mitsempha yayikulu yaubongo, kuphatikiza ma clots ndi aneurysms, omwe amatsanzira ma CT scans a ubongo weniweni wa wodwala. Gululo linadzaza chidebe cha silicone ndi madzi omwe amatsanzira kukhuthala kwa magazi. , kenako anasintha pamanja maginito akuluakulu mozungulira chitsanzo kuti alondolere loboti kudutsa mu chidebecho, njira yopapatiza.
Ulusi wa robotic ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito, akutero Kim, kutanthauza kuti magwiridwe antchito atha kuwonjezeredwa - mwachitsanzo, kupereka mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kutsekeka kwa magazi kapena kuswa zotsekeka ndi ma lasers. amatha kutsogolera lobotiyo modabwitsa ndikuyatsa laser ikafika pamalo omwe akufuna.
Ofufuzawo atayerekezera waya wa robotic wokutidwa ndi hydrogel ndi waya wa robotic wosatsekedwa, adapeza kuti hydrogel idapatsa wayayo mwayi woterera womwe unkafunika kwambiri, kuti uzitha kudutsa m'malo olimba popanda kukakamira. katunduyu adzakhala chinsinsi kuteteza kukangana ndi kuwonongeka kwa akalowa chotengera pamene ulusi wadutsa.
“Vuto limodzi lochita opaleshoni ndilo kutha kudutsa mitsempha yamagazi yovuta kwambiri muubongo yomwe ili yaing’ono kwambiri moti ma catheters amalonda sangafike,” anatero Kyujin Cho, pulofesa wa zomangamanga pa yunivesite ya Seoul National.“Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa momwe tingagonjetsere vutoli.kuthekera ndikupangitsa opaleshoni muubongo popanda opaleshoni yotseguka. ”
Kodi ulusi watsopano wa robotiki umateteza bwanji maopaleshoni ku radiation? The magnetically steerable guidewire imathetsa kufunika kwa maopaleshoni kukankhira waya mumtsempha wamagazi wa wodwala, Kim adatero. Izi zikutanthauza kuti dokotala sayeneranso kukhala pafupi ndi wodwalayo komanso , chofunika kwambiri, fluoroscope yomwe imapanga cheza.
Posachedwapa, akuwona opaleshoni ya endovascular yophatikizapo luso lamakono la maginito, monga maginito awiri akuluakulu, kulola madokotala kukhala kunja kwa chipinda chopangira opaleshoni, kutali ndi ma fluoroscopes omwe amajambula ubongo wa odwala, kapena ngakhale m'malo osiyanasiyana.
"Mapulatifomu omwe alipo angagwiritse ntchito mphamvu ya maginito kwa wodwala ndikuchita fluoroscopy nthawi imodzi, ndipo dokotala akhoza kulamulira mphamvu ya maginito ndi joystick m'chipinda china, kapena mumzinda wina," adatero Kim. gwiritsani ntchito ukadaulo womwe ulipo mu sitepe yotsatira kuyesa ulusi wathu wa robotic mu vivo. ”
Ndalama zothandizira kafukufukuyu zidachokera ku Office of Naval Research, MIT's Soldier Nanotechnology Institute, ndi National Science Foundation (NSF).
Mtolankhani wa Motherboard Becky Ferreira akulemba kuti ofufuza a MIT apanga ulusi wa robotic womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza mitsempha ya magazi kapena strokes.Maroboti amatha kukhala ndi mankhwala kapena ma lasers omwe "amatha kuperekedwa kumadera ovuta a ubongo.Ukadaulo wocheperako wamtunduwu ungathandizenso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwadzidzidzi zamisempha monga sitiroko. ”
Ofufuza a MIT apanga ulusi watsopano wa ma robotiki a magnetron omwe amatha kudutsa muubongo wamunthu, mtolankhani wa Smithsonian Jason Daley akulemba.
Mtolankhani wa TechCrunch Darrell Etherington akulemba kuti ofufuza a MI apanga ulusi watsopano wa robotic womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti opaleshoni ya ubongo ikhale yovuta kwambiri.Etherington anafotokoza kuti ulusi watsopano wa robot "ukhoza kukhala wosavuta komanso wopezeka kuti uthetse mavuto a cerebrovascular, monga blockages ndi zotupa zomwe zingayambitse aneurysms ndi sitiroko. "
Chris Stocker-Walker wa ku New Scientist akutero Chris Stocker-Walker wa ku New Scientist apanga nyongolotsi yatsopano yolamulidwa ndi maginito yomwe tsiku lina ingathandize kuti opaleshoni ya muubongo isavutike kwambiri. kufika pamitsempha ya magazi.”
Mtolankhani wa Gizmodo Andrew Liszewski akulemba kuti ntchito yatsopano yofanana ndi ulusi yopangidwa ndi ofufuza a MIT itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa mwachangu zotsekeka komanso kuundana komwe kumayambitsa sitiroko. kuti madokotala ochita opaleshoni kaŵirikaŵiri amafunikira kupirira,” anatero Liszewski.